Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- mass
- upper/lower GI bleed
- rash
- purplish macular-papular lesions
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- increased abdominal girth
- hx of HIV infection
- features of acute abdomen
- neuropathic pain
Other diagnostic factors
- weight loss
- fatigue
- anorexia
- abdominal bloating, discomfort, pain
- unilateral extremity swelling
Risk factors
- genetically inherited syndromes
- radiation
- human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection
- congenital disorders
- lymphedema
- hx of exposure to chemical carcinogens
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- CT scan of primary tumor
- MRI of primary tumor
- CT scan chest
- HIV test
Investigations to consider
- ultrasound of primary tumor
- CXR
- PET scan
- endoscopy
- biopsy for histology
- CBC
- BUN
- creatinine
- LFTs
- echocardiogram or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan
- genetic testing
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Los Angeles
CA
Disclosures
JSH declares that he has no competing interests.
Fellow
USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Los Angeles
CA
Disclosures
SS declares that she has no competing interests.
Director
Sarcoma Oncology Center
Santa Monica
CA
Disclosures
SPC declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Swati Sikaria, Dr James S. Hu, and Dr Sant P. Chawla would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jonathan C. Trent, Dr Saira Hassan, and Dr David Thomas, previous contributors to this monograph. JCT and SH each declare that they have no competing interests. DT has received research support from Pfizer, Amgen, and Novartis.
Peer reviewers
Director
Department of Surgical Sciences
Professor and Chairman
ENT Clinic
University of Udine
Udine
Italy
Disclosures
AF declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor of Musculoskeletal Pathology
Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science
University College London
Stanmore
UK
Disclosures
AF declares that she has no competing interests.
Medical Oncologist
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York
NY
Disclosures
RM declares that he has no competing interests.
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