Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- acute or chronic cough
- fever
- dyspnea
- wheezing
- crackles
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- laryngospasm
Fatores de risco
- decreased level of consciousness (Glasgow coma scale score <9)
- increased severity of illness
- general anesthesia
- age >70 years
- male sex
- head trauma
- cerebrovascular disease
- endotracheal or tracheostomy tube
- dysphagia
- airway difficulties
- barium meal
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- feeding tubes
- supine position
- delayed gastric emptying
- obesity
- drugs that reduce esophageal sphincter tone
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- chest x-ray
Investigações a serem consideradas
- chest CT
- bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage
- CBC
- arterial blood gases
- blood culture
- thoracentesis
Algoritmo de tratamento
pneumonitis due to aspiration of gastric contents
pneumonitis due to aspiration of barium
Colaboradores
Autores
Augustine Lee, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville
FL
Declarações
AL declares that he has no competing interests.
Spencer Deleveaux, MBBS
Fellow
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville
FL
Declarações
SD declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimentos
Dr Augustine Lee and Dr Spencer Deleveaux would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Madison Macht, Dr Kamran Mahmood, Dr Scott Shofer, Dr Septimiu Murgu, and Dr Henri Colt, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
MM, KM, SS, SM, and HC declare they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Andrew Parfitt, MBBS, FFAEM
Clinical Director
Acute Medicine
Associate Medical Director
Consultant Emergency Medicine
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Clinical Lead and Consultant
Accident and Emergency Medicine
St Thomas' Hospital
London
UK
Declarações
AP declares that he has no competing interests.
Momen M. Wahidi, MD, MBA
Director
Interventional Pulmonology
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Durham
NC
Declarações
MMW declares that he has no competing interests.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Asthma exacerbation
- Cystic fibrosis with exacerbation
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- ACR appropriateness criteria: dysphagia
Mais DiretrizesConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice
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