Aspiration pneumonia

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最后审阅: 15 Jun 2025
最后更新: 22 Oct 2024

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • cough
  • dyspnea
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • fever
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • tachypnea
  • foul-smelling breath
  • crepitations
  • frothy or purulent sputum
  • history of vomiting
完整详情

危险因素

  • chemoradiation for head and neck cancers
  • altered mental status
  • swallowing dysfunction
  • gastrointestinal disease
  • intubation or tracheostomy tube
  • older age
  • poor oral hygiene
  • feeding tube
  • recumbent position
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • O2 saturation
  • CXR
  • CBC
  • sputum Gram stain
  • sputum culture
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • point-of-care lung ultrasound
  • ABG
  • bronchoscopy
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

all patients

撰稿人

专家顾问

Michael J. Lanspa, MD, MS

Adjunct Associate Professor

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Intermountain Medical Center

University of Utah

Salt Lake City

UT

利益声明

MJL declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Michael J. Lanspa would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Richard Kanner and Dr Krishna Sundar, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

DK and KS declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Toby Maher, MB, PhD, MRCP

Consultant Respiratory Physician

Department of Respiratory Medicine

Royal Brompton Hospital

London

UK

利益声明

TM has received research funding from the Wellcome Trust and GlaxoSmithKline. He has acted as a paid consultant to GSK, Actelion, and Respironies.

Feras Hawari, MD

Chief of Pulmonary and Critical Care

King Hussein Cancer Center

Amman

Jordan

利益声明

FH declares that he has no competing interests.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-e67.全文  摘要

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):376-93.全文  摘要

Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, et al. Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;63(5):e61-e111.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Aspiration pneumonia images
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Aspiration pneumonitis
    • Atelectasis
    • Pulmonary edema
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures
    更多 指南
  • 患者教育信息

    Pneumonia

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