小结
鉴别诊断
撰稿人
作者
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston
MA
利益声明
AM declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Ashok Muniappan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr John Kucharczuk, Dr Mario Gasparri, and Dr Nicholas Choong, the previous contributors to this topic. JK, MG, and NC declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Cardiology Fellow
Department of Internal Medicine
Cardiology Division
University of Rochester
Rochester
NY
利益声明
MB declares that he has no competing interests.
University Associate Professor
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Director Aortic Surgery
Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx
NY
利益声明
AD declares that he has no competing interests.
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Section of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery
The University of Chicago
Chicago
IL
利益声明
SAA declares that he has no competing interests.
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