小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 血尿（肉眼或镜下）
其他诊断因素
- 尿频
- 排尿困难
危险因素
- 烟草暴露
- 接触化学致癌剂
- 年龄＞65 岁
- 盆腔放疗
- 全身化疗
- 血吸虫感染
- 男性
- 慢性膀胱炎症
- 遗传易感性
- 糖尿病
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 尿液分析
需考虑的检查
- 膀胱镜检查
- 尿液细胞学检查
- CT 尿路造影
- 核磁共振尿路造影
- 肾脏和膀胱超声
- 全血细胞计数（FBC）
- 生化检查（包括碱性磷酸酶）
- 胸部 X 线检查（CXR）
- 腹部和盆腔 CT
- 腹部和盆腔 MRI
- 氟代脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）-PET/CT
- 骨扫描
- 尿液生物标志物
治疗流程
非肌层浸润性肿瘤
局部浸润性肿瘤
转移性疾病
撰稿人
作者
Joshua J. Meeks, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Urology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago
IL
利益声明
JJM is a consultant for Merck, AstraZeneca, Incyte, Janssen, BMS, UroGen, Prokarium, Imvax, Pfizer, and Seagen/Astellas. He has received research funding from the VHA, NIH, and DoD; compensation for talks/educational courses from the AUA, OncLive, Olympus, and UroToday; and clinical trial support from SWOG, Genentech, Merck, AstraZeneca, and Incyte. JJM holds patents on T1 and TCGA classifiers; these are not currently available for use in clinical practice. JJM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
David VanderWeele, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Hematology and Oncology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago
IL
利益声明
DVW declares that he has received payments from Clovis Oncology, Exelixis, Janssen, and Bayer for advisory boards; research payments from AstraZeneca for clinical trials; payments from Astellas and Myovant for lectures; and payments from Exelixis and AstraZeneca for travel and dinner costs.
Sarah E. Fenton, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Hematology and Oncology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago
IL
利益声明
SEF declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Joshua J. Meeks, Dr David VanderWeele, and Dr Sarah E. Fenton would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Donald Lamm and Dr Mary Heeley, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
DL is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. MH declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Junaid Masood, MBBS, FRCS (Eng), MSc (Urol), FRCS (Urol)
Consultant Urological Surgeon
Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
London
UK
利益声明
JM declares that he has no competing interests.
Hugh Mostafid, MD
Consultant Urologist
North Hampshire Hospital
Basingstoke
UK
利益声明
HM has received honoraria from GE Healthcare and Kyowa Kirin UK.
Thomas Guzzo, MD
Clinical Instructor of Urology
The James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute
The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore
MD
利益声明
TG declares that he has no competing interests.
Amir Kaisary, MD, MA, ChM, FRCS
Consultant Urological Surgeon
Honorary Senior Lecturer
Department of Urology
The Royal Free & University College Medical School
London
UK
利益声明
AK declares that he has no competing interests.
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