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视神经炎

最后审阅: 21 Oct 2024
最后更新: 18 Nov 2021

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 眼眶周围/球后疼痛
  • 视力下降合并视野暗点
  • 感知色彩的饱和度下降/色觉的损害
  • 相对传入瞳孔缺陷(RAPD)
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 视盘肿胀
  • 多发性硬化的神经系统异常表现
  • 闪光感
  • Uhthoff现象
  • Pulfrich现象
  • 静脉周围血管鞘
完整详情

危险因素

  • 年龄为 30 岁至 50 岁
  • 女性
  • 白种人
  • HLA-DRB1*1501 基因型
  • 童年后期的EB病毒感染。
  • 童年时期在高纬度地区生活
  • 患有自身免疫性疾病
  • 其他感染性疾病,如莱姆病和梅毒
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 视神经的磁共振检查
  • 全血细胞计数(FBC)
  • 红细胞沉降率 (ESR)
  • C 反应蛋白
  • VDRL
  • 视神经脊髓炎(NMO)抗体(水通道蛋白 4 抗体)和抗髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)抗体
  • 尿酸
  • 血清 ACE 水平
  • 抗核抗体 (ANA)
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 抗伯氏疏螺旋体抗体滴度
  • 维生素B12和叶酸
  • 脑脊液分析
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

急性发作

持续性治疗

共存的炎症性疾病(例如,NMOSD、MOGAD、SLE 或结节病)

撰稿人

作者

Cris S. Constantinescu, MD, PhD

Chair of Neurology Emeritus

Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience

University of Nottingham

Nottingham

UK

Attending Neurologist

Cooper Neuroscience Institute

Camden

New Jersey

利益声明

CSC has received research support or consultancy fees from Biogen, GW, Merck, Morphosys, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Pasteur, MSD, and Teva. CSC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Thomas M. Bosley, MD
Thomas M. Bosley

Knights Templar Eye Foundation Professor of Ophthalmology

Wilmer Eye Institute

Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore

MD

利益声明

TMB declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Gus Gazzard, MA, MBBChir, MD, FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon

King's College Hospital

Honorary Research Fellow

Institute of Ophthalmology

London

UK

利益声明

GG declares that he has no competing interests.

John Selhorst, MD

Professor

Department of Neurology and Psychiatry

Saint Louis University

St. Louis

MO

利益声明

JS declares that he has no competing interests.

Efstratios Mendrinos, MD

Department of Ophthalmology

Geneva University Hospitals

Geneva

Switzerland

利益声明

EM declares that he has no competing interests.

Jonathan Smith, MD

Specialist Registrar in Ophthalmology

Royal Victoria Infirmary

Newcastle

UK

利益声明

JS declares that he has no competing interests.

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