小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Manish Suneja, MD, FASN, FACP
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Nephrology
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City
IA
利益声明
MS receives royalties from McGraw-Hill as an editor of the book DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination.
鸣谢
Professor Manish Suneja would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Aash Bhatt, a previous contributor to this topic. AB declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Ajay Kumar, MD, FACP
Medical Director
Blood Management
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
AK has received a fee for speaking about perioperative blood management from Ortho-Biotech and has also received reimbursement from medscape.com for the education webcast of the same presentation.
Guy Neild, MD, FRCP, FRCPath
Professor of Nephrology
Institute of Urology and Nephrology
University College London
London
UK
利益声明
GN declares that he has no competing interests.
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