小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 疲劳
- 劳力性呼吸困难
- 异食癖
- 不安腿综合征
- 指甲改变
- 吞咽困难
其他诊断因素
- 肌肉功能损害
- 舌炎和口角炎
- 消化不良
- 苍白
- 脱发
- 检查发现直肠病变
- 生长缺陷
- 行为和认知障碍
- 心力衰竭
- 复发性感染
危险因素
- 妊娠
- 素食者和偏素饮食
- 月经过多
- 钩虫感染
- 慢性肾病
- 乳糜泻
- 胃切除术/胃酸缺乏症
- 使用非甾体类抗炎药(NSAID)
- 慢性心力衰竭
- 早产或低出生体重
- 用牛奶喂养婴儿
- 黑人女性和墨西哥女性
- 低等社会经济状况
- 肥胖
- 幽门螺杆菌感染
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 血红蛋白和红细胞压积
- 血小板计数
- MCV
- 红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH )
- MCHC
- 红细胞分布宽度
- 外周血涂片
- 网织红细胞计数
- 血清铁
- 总铁结合力
- 转铁蛋白饱和度
- 血清铁蛋白
- 乳糜泻的血清学检测
- 尿液分析
- 幽门螺杆菌检测
需考虑的检查
- 血红蛋白电泳
- 尿素酶呼气试验
- 自身免疫性胃炎检验
- 上消化道内镜检查(食管胃十二指肠镜检查)
- 小肠活检
- 下消化道内镜检查(结肠镜检查)
- CT 结肠成像术
- 转铁蛋白受体-铁蛋白指数
- 骨髓活组织检查
- 铁试验性治疗
- 便潜血检测
新兴检查
- 尿铁调素
- 低色素性红细胞的百分比
- 网织红细胞血红蛋白含量
- 红细胞原卟啉
治疗流程
所有患者
撰稿人
作者
Atul Mehta, MD
Consultant Haematologist
Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit
Department of Haematology
Royal Free Hospital
London
UK
利益声明
AM has received honoraria, travel, and research grants from Sanofi/Genzyme, Shire/Takeda/Amicus and Protalix/Pfizer; all of these companies manufacture pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of lysosomal disorders.
鸣谢
Dr Atul Mehta would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Martina Murphy, Dr Marc Zumberg, and Dr Rebecca Fischer Connor, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
MZ declares that he is medical director for NCF Diagnostics and DNA Technologies, and a consultant for Alexion Pharmaceuticals. MM and RFC declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Carlos Aravena, MD
Internal Medicine Instructor
Member of Evidence Based Medicine Unit
Catholic University of Chile
Santiago
Chile
利益声明
CA declares that he has no competing interests.
Jim Murray, MBBS
Consultant Haematologist
Clinical Haematology
University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust
Birmingham
UK
利益声明
JM declares that he has no competing interests.
Ajay Kumar, MD, FACP
Medical Director
Blood Management
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
AK has received a fee for speaking about perioperative blood management from Ortho-Biotech, and has also received reimbursement from medscape.com for the education webcast of the same presentation.
鉴别诊断
- 慢性病性贫血
- 珠蛋白合成障碍(地中海贫血、血红蛋白 E、血红蛋白 C、不稳定血红蛋白)
- 铁粒幼细胞性贫血
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 成人(不包括妊娠女性)和儿童铁缺乏实验室诊断指南
- 慢性肾病:评估和管理
更多 指南患者教育信息
缺铁性贫血
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