最后审阅： 19 九月 2021
最后更新： 26 六月 2019
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Manish Suneja, MD, FASN, FACP
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Nephrology
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City
IA
利益声明
MS receives royalties from McGraw-Hill as an editor of the book DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination.
鸣谢
Dr Manish Suneja would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Divya Movva, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
DM declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Catherine Clase, BA, MB, MSC, FRCPC
Associate Professor
Nephrologist
McMaster University
Hamilton
Ontario
Canada
利益声明
CC declares that she has no competing interests.
Alain Meyrier, MD
Professor of Medicine
Universite Paris-Descartes
Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou
Paris
France
利益声明
AM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
内容使用需遵循免责声明