小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Maria Jesus Lloret Cora, MD, MSc
Consulting Staff
Nephrology Department
Fundació Puigvert
Barcelona
Spain
利益声明
MJLC declares that she has no competing interests.
Leonor Fayos de Arizon, MD
Resident
Nephrology Department
Fundació Puigvert
Barcelona
Spain
利益声明
LFA declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Maria Jesus Lloret Cora would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Roser Torra, the previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
RT declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Ajay Kumar, MD, FACP
Medical Director
Blood Management
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
AK has received a fee for speaking about perioperative blood management from Ortho-Biotech and has also received reimbursement from medscape.com for the education webcast of the same presentation.
Irfan Moinuddin, MD
Assistant Professor
Chicago Medical School
Rosalind Franklin University
Lombard
IL
利益声明
IM declares that he has no competing interests.
Robert Tompkins, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Family Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center
Tyler
TX
利益声明
RT declares that he has no competing interests.
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