小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 咳脓性痰
- 发热
其他诊断因素
- 头痛
- 恶心和呕吐
- 意识模糊
- 意识障碍
- 皮肤溃疡或脓肿
危险因素
- 实体器官和造血干细胞移植
- HIV阳性和低 CD4 T细胞计数(<100个细胞/mm³)
- 免疫抑制
- 结构性肺病
- 恶性肿瘤的化疗
- 农业劳动
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 革兰染色和抗酸染色
- 培养
- 基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)
- 生化菌种分型
- 基于聚合酶链反应(PCR)的技术
- 胸部 X 线检查
- 头颅 CT
需考虑的检查
- 胸部 CT 平扫
- 头部 MRI
新兴检查
- 新一代测序
治疗流程
重症诺卡菌病:播散性,中枢神经系统受累,空洞性肺病变,或免疫功能低下
非重症诺卡菌病:免疫功能正常,非播散性,无中枢神经受累,肺无空洞性病变
撰稿人
作者
Timothy Sullivan, MD
Associate Professor
Division of Infectious Diseases
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York
NY
利益声明
TS declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Timothy Sullivan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jorge Garbino and Dr Juan Ambrosioni, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
JG declares that he has no competing interests. JA is an advisory board member of Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare.
同行评议者
Senu Apewokin, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Director, Transplant Infectious Diseases
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
SA declares that she has no competing interests.
Rebecca N. Kumar, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Georgetown University Medical Center
Washington
DC
利益声明
RNK has received research grants from Regeneron and Gilead, which have been paid to Georgetown University.
鉴别诊断
- 结核病
- 放线菌病
- 肺脓肿
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 实体器官移植后诺卡菌感染
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