蛔虫病

感染集中在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲等发展中国家。

因摄入人类粪便排出并在土壤中发育成熟的虫卵而感染。

多数病例通过检查粪便样本中是否有特征性虫卵可进行诊断。

通过口服驱虫药进行治疗。

蛔虫（一种呈肉红色的圆柱形线虫）是人体肠道内最大的寄生线虫。成年雄虫和雌虫的寿命约为一年，在此期间，一条雌虫每日可以产高达 240,000 个卵。[1]Diemert DJ. Ascariasis. In: Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical infectious diseases: principles, pathogens and practice. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders; 2011:794-8.[2]Pullan RL, Smith JL, Jasrasaria R, et al. Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors. 2014 Jan 21;7:37. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-37 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24447578?tool=bestpractice.com 估计全世界有 8.19 亿-12.21 亿人被感染，其中绝大多数为发展中国家的儿童。[2]Pullan RL, Smith JL, Jasrasaria R, et al. Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors. 2014 Jan 21;7:37. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-37 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24447578?tool=bestpractice.com [3]de Silva NR, Chan MS, Bundy DA. Morbidity and mortality due to ascariasis: re-estimation and sensitivity analysis of global numbers at risk. Trop Med Int Health. 1997;2:519-528. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9236818?tool=bestpractice.com 虽然通常没有症状，但蛔虫病可以造成胃肠道和肝胆管梗阻，并导致儿童认知和生长延迟。[1]Diemert DJ. Ascariasis. In: Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical infectious diseases: principles, pathogens and practice. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders; 2011:794-8.[2]Pullan RL, Smith JL, Jasrasaria R, et al. Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors. 2014 Jan 21;7:37. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-37 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24447578?tool=bestpractice.com