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Atopic dermatitis

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  • 概述
  • 理论
  • 诊断
  • 治疗
  • 随访
  • 资源
最后审阅： 18 Jan 2026
最后更新： 23 Oct 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • pruritus
  • xerosis (dry skin)
  • sites of skin involvement
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • erythema
  • scaling
  • vesicles
  • papules
  • keratosis pilaris
  • excoriations
  • lichenification
  • hypopigmentation
完整详情

危险因素

  • filaggrin gene mutation
  • age <5 years
  • family history of atopic dermatitis
  • allergic rhinitis
  • asthma
  • active and passive exposure to smoke
  • female sex
  • African-American ethnicity
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • clinical diagnosis
完整详情

Tests to avoid

  • IgG testing
  • radioallergosorbent test
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • IgE levels
  • skin-prick testing
  • oral food challenge
  • trial elimination diet
  • patch testing
  • skin biopsy
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

acute flare

持续性治疗

chronic or relapsing disease

撰稿人

作者

Adelaide A. Hebert, MD

Professor & Director of Pediatric Dermatology

Clinical Specialist

Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics

University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston

Houston

TX

利益声明

AAH has received research grants paid to UTHealth McGovern Medical School Houston from Pfizer, GSK, Dermavant, Arcutis, and Novan; has received honoraria from Pfizer, Verrica, and Novan; and is on the data safety monitoring boards for GSK, Ortho Dermatologics, and Regeneron-Sanofi.

Alexander Jafari, MD

Dermatology Clinical Research Fellow

Department of Dermatology

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Houston

TX

利益声明

AJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Matthew Dallo, MD

Clinical Research Fellow

Department of Dermatology

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Houston

TX

利益声明

MD declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Adelaide A. Hebert, Dr Alexander Jafari, and Dr Matthew Dallo would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Eugenio G. Galindo, Dr Quoc-Bao D. Nguyen, Dr Mary D. DarConte, Dr Christina M. Gelbard, and Dr Daniel A. Grabella, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

EGG, QBDN, MDD, CMG, and DAG declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Amor Khachemoune, MD

Assistant Professor

New York University School of Medicine

NY

利益声明

AK declares that he has no competing interests.

John English, MBBS, FRCP

Consultant Dermatologist

Department of Dermatology

Queen's Medical Centre

Nottingham University Hospitals

Nottingham

UK

利益声明

JE declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management. Sep 2025 [internet publication].全文

European Dermatology Forum. Living EuroGuiDerm guideline for the systemic treatment of atopic eczema. Oct 2023 [internet publication].全文

Davis DMR, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with phototherapy and systemic therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Feb;90(2):e43-56.全文  摘要

Sidbury R, Alikhan A, Bercovitch L, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Jan 11:S0190-9622(23)00004-X.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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