Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- pruritus
- xerosis (dry skin)
- sites of skin involvement
Other diagnostic factors
- erythema
- scaling
- vesicles
- papules
- keratosis pilaris
- excoriations
- lichenification
- hypopigmentation
Risk factors
- filaggrin gene mutation
- age <5 years
- family history of atopic dermatitis
- allergic rhinitis
- asthma
- active and passive exposure to smoke
Diagnostic investigations
Investigations to consider
- IgE levels
- skin-prick testing
- patch testing
- skin biopsy
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Adelaide A. Hebert, MD
Professor & Director of Pediatric Dermatology
Clinical Specialist
Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics
University of Texas Health Sciences Center in Houston
Houston
TX
Disclosures
AAH serves on the board of the International Hyperhidrosis Society and the American Academy of Dermatology; consults for Pfizer, Galderma, LaRoche Posay, Arcutis, Incyte, Vyne, Varrica, Beiersdorf, Aslan, and Ortho Dermatologics; has undertaken or is undertaking contractual research for Pfizer, Galderma, Ortho Dermatologics, Aslan, Leo, Mayne, Arcutis, Incyte, Verrica, Novan, Brickell, and Almirall; is on the data safety monitoring boards for GSK, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and is on the speakers' bureaux for Pfizer, Almirall, and Galderma.
Eugenio G. Galindo, MD
Dermatology Clinical Research Fellow
UTHealth McGovern Medical School
Houston
TX
Disclosures
EGG declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Adelaide A. Hebert and Dr Eugenio G. Galindo would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Quoc-Bao D. Nguyen, Dr Mary D. DarConte, Dr Christina M. Gelbard, and Dr Daniel A. Grabella, previous contributors to this topic. QNN, MDD, CMG, and DAG declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Amor Khachemoune, MD
Assistant Professor
New York University School of Medicine
NY
Disclosures
AK declares that he has no competing interests.
John English, MBBS, FRCP
Consultant Dermatologist
Department of Dermatology
Queen's Medical Centre
Nottingham University Hospitals
Nottingham
UK
Disclosures
JE declares that he has no competing interests.
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