小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 面部和上肢局部水肿
- 呼吸困难
- 面部充血
- 咳嗽
- 颈静脉怒张
- 胸部静脉怒张
- 声音嘶哑
- 淋巴结肿大
- 视力模糊
- 喘鸣
- 谵妄/嗜睡
其他诊断因素
- 厌食
- 体重减轻
- 咯血
- 头痛
- 胸痛
- 心智改变
- 发热
- 皮疹
- 关节痛
- 喉水肿
- 发绀
- 视神经乳头水肿
- 昏迷
危险因素
- 吸烟
- 多重起搏器导线
- 中心静脉导管/端口
- 年龄＞50 岁
- 放疗
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 胸部 X 线检查
- 胸部 CT
- 胸部 MRI
- 上肢超声检查
需考虑的检查
- 静脉造影术
- 活检
- 痰液细胞学
- 胸腔穿刺术
- 痰培养
- 红细胞沉降率
- C 反应蛋白
治疗流程
急性呼吸道阻塞
恶性病因
感染性病因
医源性病因
撰稿人
作者
Kul Aggarwal, MD, MRCP, FACC
Professor of Clinical Medicine
University of Missouri
Columbia
MO
利益声明
KA declares that he has no competing interests.
Albert K. Chan, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
University of Missouri
Columbia
MO
利益声明
AKC declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Professor Kul Aggarwal and Dr Albert K Chan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Nipun Arora and Lokesh Tejwani, previous contributors to this topic. NA declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Debabrata Mukherjee, MD
Gill Foundation Professor of Interventional Cardiology
Director of Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories
Gill Heart Institute
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
University of Kentucky
Lexington
KY
利益声明
DM declares that he has no competing interests.
Syed Wamique Yusuf, MD, MRCPI, FACC
Associate Professor
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Department of Cardiology
Houston
TX
利益声明
SWY declares that he has no competing interests.
Andrew Turley, MB ChB
Cardiology Specialist Registrar
The James Cook University Hospital
Middlesbrough
UK
利益声明
AT declares that he has no competing interests.
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