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肉毒中毒

最后审阅: 23 Jun 2024
最后更新: 01 Oct 2021

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 视力模糊和复视
  • 调节能力受损
  • 睑下垂
  • 眼型肌无力
  • 舌下神经麻痹
  • 构音障碍
  • 吞咽困难
  • 对称的下行性弛缓性麻痹
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 肌张力过低
  • 婴儿喂食困难
  • 婴儿哭声虚弱
  • 体温过低
  • 尿潴留
  • 便秘
  • 口干咽燥
  • 体位性低血压
  • 胃肠道疾病
  • 深部腱反射减弱或消失
  • 无发热
  • 呼吸功能障碍
  • 瞳孔散大
完整详情

危险因素

  • 摄入受污染的食物
  • 婴儿摄入蜂蜜
  • 婴儿摄入土
  • 静脉毒品使用
  • 挤压伤
  • 婴儿组
  • 异常肠解剖
  • 肉毒素用于治疗或美容目的
  • 生物恐怖主义
  • 接触爬行动物
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 血清、胃分泌物、大便或食物样本的小鼠生物分析法测定
  • 食物样本、胃抽出物或排泄物的培养
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 电生理学检测
完整详情

新兴检查

  • 酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)
  • 聚合酶链反应 (PCR)

治疗流程

急症处理

食源性肉毒杆菌中毒

创伤性肉毒杆菌中毒

医源性肉毒杆菌中毒

吸入性肉毒杆菌中毒(生物袭击)

撰稿人

作者

Linda S. Nield, MD, FAAP
Linda S. Nield

Professor of Pediatrics and Medical Education

West Virginia University School of Medicine

Morgantown

WV

利益声明

LSN is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

鸣谢

Dr Linda S. Nield would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Thomas P. Bleck, Dr Aimee Hodowanec, Dr Pavani Reddy, and Dr Teresa Zembower, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

TPB, AH, PR, and TZ declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Fiona Cooke, MA, PhD, MSc, FRCPath, MRCP, DTM&H

Research Fellow and Medical Microbiologist

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

Department of Microbiology

Addenbrooke's Hospital

Cambridge

UK

利益声明

FC declares that she has no competing interests.

Christopher D. Huston, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Division of Infectious Diseases

University of Vermont College of Medicine

Burlington

VT

利益声明

CDH declares that he has no competing interests.

William A. Petri, Jr, MD, PhD, FACP

Chief and Professor of Medicine

Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health

University of Virginia Health System

Charlottesville

VA

利益声明

WAP declares that he has no competing interests.

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