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Professor

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Northeast Ohio Medical University

Aultman Health Foundation OB/GYN Residency

Canton

OH

利益声明

MPH declares that he has no competing interests.

Dr Michael P. Hopkins would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jay R. Patibandla, Dr John C. Nulsen, and Dr Vanessa N. Weitzman, the previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

JRP delares that he has no competing interests. JCN is an author of a reference cited in this topic. VNW is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Consultant Gynaecologist

University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Royal Free Hospital

London

UK

利益声明

AM declares that he has no competing interests.

Professor

Department of Obstetrics

Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences

Vice Chairman

Reproductive Sciences

Director

Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh

PA

利益声明

JS declares that he has no competing interests.

Associate Professor and Chief

General Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of Utah School of Medicine

Salt Lake City

UT

利益声明

HS has been reimbursed for attending and participating in conferences on pelvic varicosity pain syndrome by Cook Inc.