小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 孕妇羊水过多的病史
- 难以吞咽分泌物
- 无法插入鼻胃管
其他诊断因素
- 呼吸困难
- 咳嗽
- 窒息
- VACTERL 联合征
- 发绀
危险因素
- 18和21三体综合征
- 家族史
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 产前超声
- 产前 MRI
- X线胸片或腹部平片
需考虑的检查
- 支气管镜检查
- 食管镜
- 钡餐
- 经胸超声心动图
治疗流程
A型
B型和D型
C型
E型
撰稿人
作者
Alexander J. Bondoc, MD
Assistant Professor
UC Department of Surgery
UC Department of Pediatrics
Cincinnati Children's Hospital
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
AJB declares that he has no competing interests.
Aaron Garrison, MD
Assistant Professor
UC Department of Surgery
Cincinnati Children's Hospital
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
AG declares that he has no competing interests.
Daniel von Allmen, MD
Professor-Associate
University of Cincinnati
Department of Surgery
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
DVA is on the Board of Trustees for Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Medical Advisory Board for Bolder Surgical.
鸣谢
Dr Alexander J. Bondoc would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Steven S. Rothenberg, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
SSR declared that he had no competing interests.
同行评议者
Michael D. Klein, MD, FACS, FAAP
Surgeon in Chief
Professor of Surgery
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Children's Hospital of Michigan
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit
MI
利益声明
MDK declares that he has no competing interests.
Timothy D. Kane, MD
Clinical Director
Division Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Pittsburgh
PA
利益声明
TDK declares that he has no competing interests.
Lewis Spitz, MBChB, PhD, FRCS, MD, FRCPCH, FAAP, FCS
Emeritus Nuffield Professor of Paediatric Surgery
Institute of Child Health
University College
London
UK
利益声明
LS declares that he has no competing interests.
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