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Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

  • Descripción general
  • Teoría
  • Diagnóstico
  • Manejo
  • Seguimiento
  • Recursos
Última revisión: 28 Sep 2025
Última actualización: 22 Nov 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • maternal history of polyhydramniosis
  • inability to swallow secretions
  • inability to pass a nasogastric tube
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • labored respiration
  • coughing
  • choking
  • VACTERL association
  • cyanosis
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • trisomy 18 and 21
  • family history
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • prenatal ultrasound
  • prenatal MRI
  • x-ray chest and abdomen
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • bronchoscopy
  • esophagoscopy
  • barium swallow
  • transthoracic echocardiogram
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

type A

type B and D

type C

type E

Colaboradores

Autores

Alexander J. Bondoc, MD

Associate Professor

UC Department of Surgery

UC Department of Pediatrics

Cincinnati Children's Hospital

Cincinnati

OH

Divulgaciones

AJB declares that he has no competing interests.

Aaron Garrison, MD

Associate Professor

UC Department of Surgery

Cincinnati Children's Hospital

Cincinnati

OH

Divulgaciones

AG declares that he has no competing interests.

Daniel von Allmen, MD

Professor-Associate

University of Cincinnati

Department of Surgery

Cincinnati

OH

Divulgaciones

DVA is an investor for GlobalCastMD.

Agradecimientos

Dr Alexander J. Bondoc would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Steven S. Rothenberg, a previous contributor to this topic.

Divulgaciones

SSR declared that he had no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Michael D. Klein, MD, FACS, FAAP

Surgeon in Chief

Professor of Surgery

Department of Pediatric Surgery

Children's Hospital of Michigan

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit

MI

Divulgaciones

MDK declares that he has no competing interests.

Timothy D. Kane, MD

Clinical Director

Division Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC

Pittsburgh

PA

Divulgaciones

TDK declares that he has no competing interests.

Lewis Spitz, MBChB, PhD, FRCS, MD, FRCPCH, FAAP, FCS

Emeritus Nuffield Professor of Paediatric Surgery

Institute of Child Health

University College

London

UK

Disclosures

LS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

van Lennep M, Singendonk MMJ, Dall'Oglio L, et al. Oesophageal atresia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Apr 18;5(1):26. Abstract

Slater BJ, Rothenberg SS. Tracheoesophageal fistula. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jun;25(3):176-8. Abstract

Krishnan U, Mousa H, Dall'Oglio L, et al. ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal and nutritional complications in children with esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 Nov;63(5):550-70. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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