Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- maternal history of polyhydramniosis
- inability to swallow secretions
- inability to pass a nasogastric tube
Other diagnostic factors
- labored respiration
- coughing
- choking
- VACTERL association
- cyanosis
Risk factors
- trisomy 18 and 21
- family history
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- prenatal ultrasound
- prenatal MRI
- x-ray chest and abdomen
Tests to consider
- bronchoscopy
- esophagoscopy
- barium swallow
- transthoracic echocardiogram
Treatment algorithm
type A
type B and D
type C
type E
Contributors
Authors
Alexander J. Bondoc, MD
Associate Professor
UC Department of Surgery
UC Department of Pediatrics
Cincinnati Children's Hospital
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
AJB declares that he has no competing interests.
Aaron Garrison, MD
Associate Professor
UC Department of Surgery
Cincinnati Children's Hospital
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
AG declares that he has no competing interests.
Daniel von Allmen, MD
Professor-Associate
University of Cincinnati
Department of Surgery
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
DVA is an investor for GlobalCastMD.
鸣谢
Dr Alexander J. Bondoc would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Steven S. Rothenberg, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
SSR declared that he had no competing interests.
同行评议者
Michael D. Klein, MD, FACS, FAAP
Surgeon in Chief
Professor of Surgery
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Children's Hospital of Michigan
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit
MI
利益声明
MDK declares that he has no competing interests.
Timothy D. Kane, MD
Clinical Director
Division Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Pittsburgh
PA
利益声明
TDK declares that he has no competing interests.
Lewis Spitz, MBChB, PhD, FRCS, MD, FRCPCH, FAAP, FCS
Emeritus Nuffield Professor of Paediatric Surgery
Institute of Child Health
University College
London
UK
利益声明
LS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
van Lennep M, Singendonk MMJ, Dall'Oglio L, et al. Oesophageal atresia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Apr 18;5(1):26. 摘要
Slater BJ, Rothenberg SS. Tracheoesophageal fistula. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jun;25(3):176-8. 摘要
Krishnan U, Mousa H, Dall'Oglio L, et al. ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal and nutritional complications in children with esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 Nov;63(5):550-70. 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Laryngeal cleft
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Oesophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula
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