最后审阅： 11 四月 2021
最后更新： 10 一月 2019
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Director
Chicago Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery
Director of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Bariatric Fellowship Program
St. Francis Hospital
Chicago
IL
利益声明
CTF declares that he has no competing interests.
Surgery Residency Associate Director
Associate Professor
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago
IL
利益声明
MBL declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Constantine T. Frantzides and Dr Minh B. Luu would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mark A. Carlson, a previous contributor to this topic. MAC declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Associate Professor
Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery
University Hospital Tuebingen
Germany
利益声明
FAG declares that he has no competing interests.
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