小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在危险因素
- 骨痛
- 胸膜腔积液
- 原发性肿瘤治疗后出现可触及的肿块
其他诊断因素
- 呼吸短促
- 厌食
- 体重减轻
- 神经性疼痛或无力、头痛、癫痫发作
危险因素
- 女性
- 50 岁以上
- 乳腺癌和/或卵巢癌家族史
- 乳腺癌易感基因
- 肿瘤直径>5 cm
- 淋巴结阳性的数量多(例如>10)
- 淋巴脉管侵犯
- 预后不佳的70 项基因标记
- 21 项高危型基因标记
- 高风险的 PAM50 基因表达特征
- 微小残留病变 (minimal residual disease, MRD)
- 骨转移或肺转移基因标记
- Lynch 综合征(遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌)
- CHEK2 突变
- ATM 突变
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
- 肝功能检查 (LFT)
- 钙
- (胸部及腹部)CT
- 骨扫描
需考虑的检查
- 磁共振(针对关注的部位,例如骨骼、脑部)
- PET 扫描
- 转移灶活检
- 基因检测
- 多门控采集 (MUGA) 扫描
- 胸膜细胞学检查
- 生物标志物
治疗流程
激素受体阳性、HER2 阴性、无内脏危象:绝经后
激素受体阳性、HER2 阴性、无内脏危象:绝经前
激素受体阳性、HER2 阳性、无内脏危象:绝经后
激素受体阳性、HER2 阳性、无内脏危象:绝经前
激素受体阴性、HER2 阳性、无内脏危象
PD-L1-阴性、三阴性(激素受体阴性、HER2 阴性)、无内脏危象
PD-L1-阳性、三阴性(激素受体阴性、HER2 阴性)、无内脏危象
激素受体阳性或阴性、HER2 阴性、伴内脏危象
激素受体阳性或阴性、HER2 阳性、伴内脏危象
撰稿人
作者
Edward Sauter, MD, PhD
Medical and Program Officer
Division of Cancer Prevention
National Cancer Institute
Rockville
MD
利益声明
ES declares that he has no competing interests.
Wajeeha Razaq, MD
Breast Cancer Site Chair
University Oklahoma School of Medicine
Oklahoma City
OK
利益声明
WS declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Edward Sauter and Dr Wajeeha Razaq would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Puja Nistala, Dr Donald Doll, Dr Carl E. Freter and Dr Michael Perry, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
PN, DD, CEF and MP declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Alan Neville, MD
Professor
Assistant Dean
Undergraduate Program
McMaster University
Hamilton
Ontario
Canada
利益声明
AN declares that he has no competing interests.
Gianfilippo Bertelli, MD, PhD, FRCP (Edin)
Consultant
Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology
South West Wales Cancer Centre
Swansea
UK
利益声明
GB has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, GSK, Cephalon, Amgen, Sanofi, Aventis), speaker's fees (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Sanofi, Aventis), and hospitality at conferences (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Aventis).
Christos Vaklavas, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Hematology/Oncology
Department of Medicine
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham
AL
利益声明
CV declares that University of Alabama at Birmingham has received research support from Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, and Incyte.
鉴别诊断
- 肺癌
- 骨肉瘤
- 乳腺肉瘤
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 疑似癌症:识别和转诊
- 早期和局部晚期乳腺癌:诊断和管理
更多 指南患者教育信息
何为局部晚期乳腺癌?
局部晚期乳腺癌:如何有效治疗?
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