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转移性乳腺癌

最后审阅: 21 Nov 2024
最后更新: 23 Feb 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在危险因素
  • 骨痛
  • 胸膜腔积液
  • 原发性肿瘤治疗后出现可触及的肿块
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 呼吸短促
  • 厌食
  • 体重减轻
  • 神经性疼痛或无力、头痛、癫痫发作
完整详情

危险因素

  • 女性
  • 50 岁以上
  • 乳腺癌和/或卵巢癌家族史
  • 乳腺癌易感基因
  • 肿瘤直径>5 cm
  • 淋巴结阳性的数量多(例如>10)
  • 淋巴脉管侵犯
  • 预后不佳的70 项基因标记
  • 21 项高危型基因标记
  • 高风险的 PAM50 基因表达特征
  • 微小残留病变 (minimal residual disease, MRD)
  • 骨转移或肺转移基因标记
  • Lynch 综合征(遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌)
  • CHEK2 突变
  • ATM 突变
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
  • 肝功能检查 (LFT)
  • (胸部及腹部)CT
  • 骨扫描
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 磁共振(针对关注的部位,例如骨骼、脑部)
  • PET 扫描
  • 转移灶活检
  • 基因检测
  • 多门控采集 (MUGA) 扫描
  • 胸膜细胞学检查
  • 生物标志物
完整详情

治疗流程

持续性治疗

激素受体阳性、HER2 阴性、无内脏危象:绝经后

激素受体阳性、HER2 阴性、无内脏危象:绝经前

激素受体阳性、HER2 阳性、无内脏危象:绝经后

激素受体阳性、HER2 阳性、无内脏危象:绝经前

激素受体阴性、HER2 阳性、无内脏危象

PD-L1-阴性、三阴性(激素受体阴性、HER2 阴性)、无内脏危象

PD-L1-阳性、三阴性(激素受体阴性、HER2 阴性)、无内脏危象

激素受体阳性或阴性、HER2 阴性、伴内脏危象

激素受体阳性或阴性、HER2 阳性、伴内脏危象

撰稿人

作者

Edward Sauter, MD, PhD
Edward Sauter

Medical and Program Officer

Division of Cancer Prevention

National Cancer Institute

Rockville

MD

利益声明

ES declares that he has no competing interests.

Wajeeha Razaq, MD

​Breast Cancer Site Chair

University Oklahoma School of Medicine

Oklahoma City

OK

利益声明

WS declares that she has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Edward Sauter and Dr Wajeeha Razaq would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Puja Nistala, Dr Donald Doll, Dr Carl E. Freter and Dr Michael Perry, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

PN, DD, CEF and MP declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Alan Neville, MD

Professor

Assistant Dean

Undergraduate Program

McMaster University

Hamilton

Ontario

Canada

利益声明

AN declares that he has no competing interests.

Gianfilippo Bertelli, MD, PhD, FRCP (Edin)

Consultant

Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology

South West Wales Cancer Centre

Swansea

UK

利益声明

GB has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, GSK, Cephalon, Amgen, Sanofi, Aventis), speaker's fees (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Sanofi, Aventis), and hospitality at conferences (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Aventis).

Christos Vaklavas, MD

Assistant Professor

Division of Hematology/Oncology

Department of Medicine

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham

AL

利益声明

CV declares that University of Alabama at Birmingham has received research support from Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, and Incyte.

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