最后审阅： 17 九月 2021
最后更新： 23 一月 2018
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Jeffrey Gossett, MD
Director Heart Failure, Heart Transplantation
Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco
CA
利益声明
JG declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Jeffrey Gossett wishes to gratefully acknowledge Dr Anna Kamp, a previous contributor to this topic. AK declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Ranjit Aiyagari, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
RA declares that he has no competing interests.
Sachin Khambadkone, MD, DCH, DNB
Consultant Paediatric Cardiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer
Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health
London
UK
利益声明
SK declares that he has no competing interests.
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