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恐怖症

最后审阅: 23 Jun 2024
最后更新: 26 Oct 2022

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 预期焦虑
  • 回避行为
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 儿童期发病
  • 成年早期发病
  • 恶心
  • 头晕
  • 厌恶
  • 昏厥
  • 心动过速
  • 过度换气
  • 夸张的惊恐
  • 睡眠中断
完整详情

危险因素

  • 躯体化疾病
  • 焦虑障碍
  • 情感障碍
  • 一级亲属患有恐怖症
  • 患有恐怖症的双胞胎
  • 厌恶体验
  • 应激和负性生活事件
  • 女性
  • 白种人
  • 父母的焦虑和过度保护
  • 负面情绪和行为抑制
  • 认知/注意偏差
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 自诉
  • 行为观察和接近行为评估测试(behavioral approach test)
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 结构化/半结构化临床访谈
完整详情

治疗流程

持续性治疗

具有亚临床症状且正常活动受症状干扰较少的成人

频繁出现症状并因此干扰了正常活动的成年人

被持续症状干扰了正常活动的儿童

撰稿人

作者

Amy Huberman, MD

Instructor of Psychiatry

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore

MD

利益声明

AH declares that she has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Amy Huberman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Eve Friedl, Dr E. Blake Zakarin, Dr Craig N. Sawchuk, and Dr Bunmi O. Olatunji, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

EKF and EBZ declare that they have no competing interests. CNS is an author of a reference cited in this topic. BOO is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Jeffrey M. Lohr, PhD

Professor

Clinical Training Program

Department of Psychology

University of Arkansas

Fayetteville

AR

利益声明

JML declares that he has no competing interests.

David F. Tolin, PhD

Associate Professor

Institute of Living

Yale University

New Haven

CT

利益声明

DFT declares that he has no competing interests.

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