最后审阅： 18 九月 2021
最后更新： 17 一月 2020
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Erin C. Grantham, MD
Pediatric Urologist
Department of Urology
Billings Clinic
Billings
MT
利益声明
ECG declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Erin C. Grantham would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Duncan T. Wilcox and Dr Nicholas G. Cost, the previous contributors to this topic. DTW and NGC declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Prasad Godbole, FRCS, FRCS (Paed), FEAPU
Consultant Paediatric Urologist
Paediatric Surgical Unit
Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust
Western Bank
Sheffield
UK
利益声明
PG declares that he has no competing interests.
Elizabeth Jackson, MD
Associate Professor
Pediatric Nephrology
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
EJ declares that she has no competing interests.
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