小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- presence of risk factors
- increased fluid intake at night
- urinary frequency
- constipation
- caffeine and other bladder irritants
- urinary urgency
其他诊断因素
- abnormal voiding habits
- abnormal breathing pattern at night
危险因素
- genetic predisposition
- constipation
- upper airway obstruction/sleep-disordered breathing
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- psychological disorders
- male sex
诊断性检查
首要检查
- urinalysis
需考虑的检查
- urinary tract ultrasound
治疗流程
age <7 years
age ≥7 years
recurrence
撰稿人
作者
Erin C. Grantham, MD
Pediatric Urologist
Department of Urology
Billings Clinic
Billings
MT
利益声明
ECG declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Erin C. Grantham would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Duncan T. Wilcox and Dr Nicholas G. Cost, the previous contributors to this topic. Dr Erin C. Grantham would also like to acknowledge Jillian Hatfield for her contribution to this topic.
利益声明
DTW and NGC declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Prasad Godbole, FRCS, FRCS (Paed), FEAPU
Consultant Paediatric Urologist
Paediatric Surgical Unit
Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust
Western Bank
Sheffield
UK
利益声明
PG declares that he has no competing interests.
Elizabeth Jackson, MD
Associate Professor
Pediatric Nephrology
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati
OH
利益声明
EJ declares that she has no competing interests.
参考文献
关键文献
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Text Revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2023 [internet publication].全文
European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2019 [internet publication].全文
Nevéus T, Eggert P, Evans J, et al. Evaluation of and treatment for monosymptomatic enuresis: a standardization document from the International Children's Continence Society. J Urol. 2010;183:441-447.全文 摘要
Caldwell PH, Codarini M, Stewart F, et al. Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 4;5(5):CD002911.全文 摘要
Longstaffe S, Moffat M, Whalen J. Behavioral and self-esteem changes after six months of enuresis treatment: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2000;105:935-940. 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Congenital abnormality of the urinary tract (e.g., ectopic ureter, ureterocele, and urethral valves)
- Constipation
- Diabetes
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Guidelines on paediatric urology
- Diagnosis and management of nocturia
更多 指南患者教育信息
Bedwetting
更多 患者教育信息
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