小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Travis T. Tollefson, MD, MPH, FACS
Professor and Director
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Cleft and Craniofacial Team
University of California Davis
Sacramento
CA
利益声明
TTT has received an honorarium and reimbursement for travel by the AO Foundation for teaching on a facial trauma course. TTT serves on the American Board of Otolaryngology and the American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and receives a royalty from Thieme publishing for the textbook Complete Cleft Care. TTT is an author of studies referenced in this topic.
David A. Shaye, MD
Instructor
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Harvard University
Boston
MA
利益声明
DAS has received an honorarium and reimbursement for travel by the AO Foundation for teaching on a facial trauma course.
同行评议者
Oren Friedman, MD
Assistant Professor to Director
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
利益声明
OF declares that he has no competing interests.
Philip Fischer, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
利益声明
PF declares that he has no competing interests.
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