小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
See individual author disclosures.
Margaret Jones Kanaar Professor
Orthopaedic Surgery and Cerebral Palsy
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
WLO declares that he has no competing interests.
Research Physical Therapist
UCLA/Orthopaedic Institute for Children Center for Cerebral Palsy
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
LS is a clinical evaluator for several sponsored clinical trials as part of her salaried employment at UCLA. She has received travel, meals, and accomodation to attend training meetings for some of these trials but does not receive any direct reimbursements or personal benefits from the companies, which include Pfizer, Sarepta, Audentes Therapeutics, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Biogen, Santhera, Fibrogen, Cytokinetics, Italfarmaco, and AveXis.
Associate Director
UCLA/Orthopaedic Institute for Children Center for Cerebral Palsy
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
RH declares that she has no competing interests.
Clinical Coordinator
UCLA/Orthopaedic Institute for Children Center for Cerebral Palsy
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
MG received a grant to UCLA from USAID for developing material and providing direct training to physical therapists in Ukraine. Dissemination of material developed is only to participants in Ukraine in Ukrainian.
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
EF is a board member of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and a Scientific Advisory Committee member for the Cerebral Palsy Foundation. She has received honorarium for a lecture on cerebral palsy at the Burke Cornell Neurological Institute and payment as a consultant for Shriners Hospital for Children for a grant submission.
Dr William L. Oppenheim, Loretta Staudt, Dr Rachel Thomson, Marcia Greenberg, and Dr Eileen Fowler wish to gratefully acknowledge Dr Albert Stroberg, Dr Erika Hassan, Dr Rebecca Hanson, Dr Joan Earle Hahn, Dr Tien T. Nguyen, and Dr Sarah Copeland, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
AS, EH, RH, JEH, TTN, and SC declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California at San Diego
Medical Affairs Officer
Rady Children's Hospital
San Diego
CA
利益声明
HC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. He has received research support from the National Institutes of Health greater than 6 figures USD.
Orthopaedic Surgeon
Shriners Hospital for Children
Portland
OR
利益声明
MS declares that he has no competing interests.
Consultant in Paediatric Neurodisability
Evelina Children's Hospital
Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
London
UK
利益声明
CF declares that he has no competing interests.
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