淹溺

Medical Director - Brazilian Lifesaving Society - Sobrasa

Lieutenant Colonel MD, retired - Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro

Civil Defense Rio de Janeiro City - Education adviser Defesa Civil Municipal do Rio de Janeiro

Co-founder - International Drowning Researcher's Alliance - IDRA

Rio de Janeiro

Brazil

利益声明

DS is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Executive Director: Lifeguards Without Borders

Medical Director: International Surf Lifesaving Association

Medical Director: Starfish Aquatics Institute

Medical Director: Innovative Attraction Management Starguard Elite

Board of Directors: Safer 3 Water Safety Foundation

Staff: Global Outreach Doctors

Jacksonville Beach

FL

利益声明

JS has given expert testimony in court cases involving drowning.

Assistant Professor

Department of Emergency Medicine

University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville

Medical Director

Jacksonville Beach Ocean Rescue

Deputy Medical Director

Trauma One

Jacksonville

FL

利益声明

AS declares that he has no competing interests.

Dr David Szpilman, Dr Justin Sempsrott, and Dr Andrew Schmidt would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Bhakti K. Patel and Dr D. Kyle Hogarth, previous contributors to this topic. BKP and DKL declare that they have no competing interests.

Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine

Department of Medicine

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Charlottesville

VA

利益声明

AGV declares that he has no competing interests.

Associate Professor

James Cook University

Townsville

Queensland

Australia

利益声明

RF declares that he has no competing interests.