石棉肺

在初次暴露于石棉后 ≥10 年，石棉肺开始发病

患者可无症状或者有渐进性的气短

胸部 X 线检查是首选的初始检查

无确定的治疗方法

戒烟对于降低肺癌风险很重要

预后与诊断时纤维化的程度有关，也与既往石棉接触累积量有关

石棉肺是由于肺暴露于石棉纤维所致的弥漫性肺间质纤维化。[1]American Thoracic Society. Diagnosis and initial management of nonmalignant diseases related to asbestos. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Sep 15;170(6):691-715. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200310-1436ST#.U7_nqvldVlw http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15355871?tool=bestpractice.com [2]Wolff H, Vehmas T, Oksa P, et al. Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer, the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution 2014: recommendations. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015 Jan;41(1):5-15. https://www.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3462 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25299403?tool=bestpractice.com 吸入石棉纤维所导致的胸膜异常包括伴或不伴钙化的胸膜斑、弥漫性胸膜增厚、良性胸腔积液以及盘状肺不张。 胸膜异常可能会伴或不伴肺实质纤维化。[1]American Thoracic Society. Diagnosis and initial management of nonmalignant diseases related to asbestos. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Sep 15;170(6):691-715. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200310-1436ST#.U7_nqvldVlw http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15355871?tool=bestpractice.com