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食物过敏

最后审阅: 10 Nov 2024
最后更新: 22 Jun 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 奶类、蛋类、坚果、鱼类、甲壳类动物、小麦或大豆的摄取
  • 可重现的症状
  • 潮红、荨麻疹或皮肤的血管性水肿
  • 喷嚏、流涕或鼻塞
  • 呼吸困难、气促、哮鸣、咳嗽或紫绀
  • 声音嘶哑、喘鸣或窒息感
  • 恶心和呕吐
  • 腹部绞痛或胃气胀
  • 腹泻
  • 结膜充血或流泪
  • 眼周水肿
  • 突发性症状
  • 由少量食物引起的反应
  • 其他过敏性疾病的表现
  • 喉水肿
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 心动过速或心动过缓
  • 运动或劳累使病情恶化
  • 在反应前摄入酒精或药品
  • 心律失常
  • 低血压
完整详情

危险因素

  • 食物过敏家族史
  • 特应性皮炎
  • 新生儿
  • 围产期花生油暴露
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 体外IgE特异性的免疫测定法
  • 皮肤点刺试验
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 食物激发试验
  • 成分分辨诊断试验
完整详情

新兴检查

  • 过敏症斑贴试验

治疗流程

急症处理

过敏性反应

皮肤症状

支气管痉挛

鼻结膜炎

持续性治疗

稳定期

撰稿人

作者

A. Wesley Burks, MD
A. Wesley Burks

Curnen Distinguished Professor and Chair

Department of Pediatrics

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill

NC

利益声明

AWB receives grant support to his institution from the National Institutes of Health and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund; royalties from UpToDate, Elsevier, and Walter Kluwer; consulting honorariums from Astella Pharma Global Development, Allergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd, DBV Technologies, Kaléo, N-Fold, LLC, ALK-Abelló Inc, and UKKO Inc, as well as Aimmune Therapeutics, Consortia TX Inc, and Prota Therapeutics for his service on their respective scientific advisory boards. AWB owns stock in Allertein and Mastcell Pharmaceuticals. These interests do not directly relate to this topic but are being shared for full disclosure. AWB is an author of several references cited in this topic.

J. Andrew Bird, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Pediatrics

Division of Allergy and Immunology

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas

TX

利益声明

JAB consults for AllerGenis, Allergy Therapeutics Ltd, Before Brands, DBV Technologies, Genentech, and Novartis. He receives grant funding to his institution from Aimmune, DBV Technologies, Genentech, HIH-NIAD, Novartic, Siolta, and Regeneron. JAB is the author of one reference cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Justin Skripak, MD

Assistant Professor of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York

NY

利益声明

JS declares that he has no competing interests.

Hugh A. Sampson, MD

Professor of Pediatrics

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York

NY

利益声明

HAS holds a 4% interest in a biotech company, Allertein Pharmaceuticals LLC, which is developing an engineered recombinant protein vaccine for peanut allergy, and 45% interest in a virtual company, Herbal Springs LLC, that holds a patent application on a herbal product for treating asthma and another for treating food allergy. HAS is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Adam Fox, MA(Hons) Cantab., MSc, MBBS, DCH, FRCPCH, FHEA, Dip. Allergy

Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer in Paediatric Allergy

Evelina Children's Hospital

Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

London

UK

利益声明

AF declares that he has no competing interests.

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