小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
其他诊断因素
- 骨痛
- 生长迟缓
- 达到运动发育里程碑的时间延迟
- 骨骼畸形
- 肌无力
- 手足搐搦
- 麻木或感觉异常
- 抽搐
- 低血钙性癫痫发作
危险因素
- 6-23 月龄
- 日照不足
- 母乳喂养
- 较深肤色
- 钙缺乏
- 磷酸盐缺乏
- 佝偻病家族史
- 抗酸剂、袢利尿剂、皮质类固醇或抗惊厥药
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 长骨 X 线检查
- 血清钙
- 血清无机磷
- 血清甲状旁腺素水平
- 25 -羟基维生素 D 水平(骨化二醇)
- 碱性磷酸酶和肝功能检查
- 血清肌酐和尿素氮
- 尿钙和尿磷
需考虑的检查
- 1,25 -二羟基维生素 D 水平(骨化三醇)
治疗流程
有症状低钙血症
钙缺乏性佝偻病:维生素 D 缺乏症
钙缺乏性佝偻病:钙缺乏症
钙缺乏性佝偻病:假性维生素 D 缺乏症
钙缺乏性佝偻病:维生素 D 抵抗
低血磷性佝偻病:X-连锁
伴高钙尿症的遗传性低血磷性佝偻病
低血磷性佝偻病:肿瘤诱发性
撰稿人
作者
Carlos Palacio, MD, MPH, FACP
Professor of Medicine
Associate Program Director
Internal Medicine Residency
Department of Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine
Jacksonville
FL
利益声明
CP declares that he has no competing interests.
Firas Warda, MD
Endocrinology Fellow
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Department of Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine
Jacksonville
FL
利益声明
FW declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Professor Carols Palacio and Dr Firas Warda would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Robert Olney, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
RO declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Phil Fischer, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
利益声明
PF declares that he has no competing interests.
Zulf Mughal, MD
Consultant in Paediatric Bone Disorders
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology
Royal Manchester Children's Hospital
UK
利益声明
No disclosures
Arshag Mooradian, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine
Jacksonville
FL
利益声明
AM declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 低磷酸酯酶症
- 干骺端骨骼发育不良
- Blount 综合征
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- X-连锁低磷酸盐血症诊断和治疗的临床实践建议
- 儿童和青少年维生素 D 和钙缺乏症的预防和治疗
更多 指南- 登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容
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