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牙龈炎

最后审阅: 14 Oct 2024
最后更新: 17 Jun 2021

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 刷牙时流血
  • 牙菌斑
  • 见于游离龈的坏死和溃疡
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 口臭
  • 牙龈发红、水肿以及鼓胀
  • 假膜形成
  • 颈部淋巴结肿大
  • 发热
  • 不适感
  • 疼痛
完整详情

危险因素

  • 口腔卫生不佳
  • 烟草
  • 糖尿病
  • 妊娠
  • 重度营养不良或轻度营养不良
  • HIV/AIDS(坏死性龈炎)
  • 应激(坏死性龈炎)
  • 严重(病毒)感染(在坏死性牙龈炎患者中)
  • 坏死性牙龈炎既往史
  • 应激(在菌斑性龈炎中)
  • 令口腔干燥的药物
  • 男性
  • 生活条件艰苦(坏死性牙龈炎)
  • 高酒精摄入量
  • 物质滥用
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 临床诊断
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

坏死性龈炎(NG)

非坏死性龈炎

撰稿人

作者

Giuseppina Campisi, DDS, MS

Professor of Oral Diseases

Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences

School of Dentistry

University of Palermo

Palermo

Italy

利益声明

GC declares that she has no competing interests.

Giuseppe Pizzo, DDS

Associate Professor of Periodontology and Dental Public Health

Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences

School of Dentistry

University of Palermo

Palermo

Italy

利益声明

GP declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Giuseppina Campisi and Dr Giuseppe Pizzo would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Bruce L. Pihlstrom and Dr Alice E. Curran, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

BLP and AEC declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Gary Armitage, MD

Professor

Division of Periodontology

University of California

San Francisco

CA

利益声明

GA declares that he has no competing interests.

Lynn Solomon, MD

Assistant Professor

Tufts University

Boston

MA

利益声明

LS declares that she has no competing interests.

Donald J. DeNucci, DDS, MS

Program Director

Practice Based Research Networks

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

NIH

Bethesda

MD

利益声明

DJD declares that he has no competing interests.

Stephen Porter, BSc, PhD, MD, FDSRCS, FDSRCSEd, FHEA

Institute Director

Professor of Oral Medicine

Academic Head, Oral Medicine and Special Needs Dentistry Unit

Honorary Consultant in Oral Medicine, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust

UCL Eastman Dental Institute

London

UK

利益声明

SP declares that he has no competing interests.

Marco Carrozzo, MD, DSM

Professor of Oral Medicine

School of Dental Sciences

University of Newcastle Upon Tyne

UK

利益声明

None declared

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