小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 冬季
- 当前流感暴发期
- 未接种流感疫苗
- 发热伴咳嗽
其他诊断因素
- 咽痛
- 颈部淋巴结肿大
- 呼吸困难
危险因素
- 年龄 ≥ 65 岁
- 年龄 6-59 个月
- 慢性心血管或呼吸系统疾病
- 糖尿病
- 血红蛋白病
- 免疫功能受损
- 慢性肾脏病 (CKD)
- 妊娠
- 高风险人群的照护者和家庭密切接触者
- 医务工作者
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 临床诊断
需考虑的检查
- 分子检测
- 抗原检测
- 病毒培养
- 血清学
- 胸部 X 线检查
治疗流程
暴露于流感的高危人群
成人
儿童
撰稿人
作者
Kyle Eggleton, MBChB PhD FRNZCGP(Dist)
Associate Dean Rural
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
University of Auckland
Auckland
New Zealand
利益声明
KE declares that he has no competing interests.
Rachel Roskvist, MBChB, FRNZCGP
Senior Lecturer
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
University of Auckland
Auckland
New Zealand
利益声明
RR declares that she has no competing interests.
Bruce Arroll, MBChB PhD FRNZCGP
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
University of Auckland
Auckland
New Zealand
利益声明
BA declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Kyle Eggleton, Dr Rachel Roskvist, and Professor Bruce Arroll would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Cristine Radojicic, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
CR declares that she is on Advisory boards for CSL Behring and Speakers Bureau Biocryst.
同行评议者
Waleed Javaid, MD, FACP, FIDSA
Associate Professor
Medical Director of Infection Control
Infectious Disease
Department of Medicine
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse
NY
利益声明
WJ declares that he has no competing interests.
Rachel L. Miller, MD, FAAAAI
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine and Environmental Health Sciences
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York
NY
利益声明
RLM declares that she has no competing interests.
Mark Sands, MD, FAAAAI
Chief
SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine
Division Allergy and Immunology
Buffalo
NY
利益声明
MS declares that he has no competing interests.
An De Sutter, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
Ghent University
Ghent
Belgium
利益声明
ADS declares that she has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）
- 细菌性肺炎
- 鼻病毒感染
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