小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 突发视物模糊或变形
- 玻璃膜疣
- 黄斑区色素改变
- 地图样萎缩
- 脉络膜新生血管形成
其他诊断因素
- 单眼或双眼视力进行性下降
- 纤维血管性色素上皮脱离（新生血管性 AMD）
- 纤维血管性瘢痕形成
- 网状假性玻璃膜疣
危险因素
- 年龄增长
- 吸烟
- 疾病家族史
- 既往白内障手术史
诊断性检查
首要检查
- Amsler 表
- 光学相干断层扫描
- 光学相干断层扫描血管造影
需考虑的检查
- 荧光素血管造影
- 吲哚菁绿血管造影
- 自体荧光成像
新兴检查
- 基因分型
治疗流程
早期（AREDS 1和 2）
中期（AREDS3）
晚期萎缩性（干性）（AREDS4）
晚期渗出性（湿性）（AREDS4）
撰稿人
作者
Sajjad Mahmood, MA, MB BCHIR, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmologist and Medical Retina Specialist
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
Division of Pharmacy and Optometry
Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health
University of Manchester
Manchester
UK
利益声明
SM has done consultancy work and received honoraria for lecturing and travel from Bayer Pharmaceuticals and Novartis. He has also been a principal investigator for clinical trials on behalf of Bayer, Novartis, and Roche.
鸣谢
Mr Sajjad Mahmood would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leon Charkoudian, Dr Joshua L. Dunaief, and Professor Paul Bishop, the previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
LC and JLD declare that they have no competing interests. PB has undertaken research activities and received research grants (from charities and the Medical Research Council) that relate to basic mechanisms underpinning age-related macular degeneration. He is an inventor on a patent for a new treatment for age-related macular degeneration filed by the University of Manchester. He does not believe that any of these activities are competing interests with respect to the content of the topic.
同行评议者
Sharon Fekrat, MD
Associate Professor
Vitreoretinal Surgery
Duke University Eye Center
Durham
NC
利益声明
SF declares that she has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 特发性息肉状脉络膜血管病变
- 基底膜玻璃膜疣
- 近视性变性
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 眼科临床指南：成人眼科全面医学评估
- 眼科临床指南：年龄相关性黄斑变性
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黄斑变性
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