小结
定义
尿道炎通常是一种性传播疾病，其典型表现包括排尿困难、尿道分泌物和/或尿道末端瘙痒。尿道分泌物是典型的体格检查发现。如果尿液分析显示白细胞酯酶呈阳性，分泌物革兰染色（发现每个油浸视野中白细胞 ≥2 个）或首次尿的尿沉渣检查结果（每高倍视野中白细胞 ≥10 个）显示多形核白细胞数量异常，则可确诊为尿道炎。[1] 尿道炎主要分为两类：如果分离出淋病奈瑟菌，则称为淋球菌性尿道炎；如果没有分离出淋病奈瑟菌，则称为非淋球菌性尿道炎（non-gonococcal urethritis, NGU）。NGU 最常见的病因包括沙眼衣原体、生殖支原体和解脲支原体。淋球菌后尿道炎是指在淋球菌性尿道炎治愈性治疗后发生的 NGU。[2][3] 尿道炎也可由外伤引致，但本章重点讨论感染性病因。
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 伴有宫颈炎和阴道分泌物的淋病CDC 图像库/Susan Lindsley [Citation ends].
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 尿道分泌物革兰氏染色查见革兰氏阴性双球菌和多形核白细胞改编自公共卫生图片库，疾病预防与控制中心（Jacobs N，1974 年） [Citation ends].
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Assistant Professor
Division of Infectious Diseases
Department of Medicine
UCSD Antiviral Research Center
Division of Family Medicine
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine
UCSD La Jolla Family and Sports Medicine
San Diego
CA
利益声明
SM has received funding from NIH, CHRP, CIRM, and Gilead Sciences. SM is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph.
Dr Sheldon Morris would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Christina Bailey, a previous contributor to this monograph. CB declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Associate Professor
Ob/Gyn and Urology
Director
Division of Urogynecology
Associate Residency Program Director
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia
PA
利益声明
VD declares that he has no competing interests.
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Associate Fellowship Program Director
Division of Infectious Diseases
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
利益声明
KG declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor of Sexual Health
University of Melbourne
Director
Melbourne Sexual Health Centre
Carlton
Victoria
Australia
利益声明
CF is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph. CF has received program grants of 6 figures US$.
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