小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 糖尿病
其他诊断因素
- 微动脉瘤
- 棉絮斑
- 视网膜内出血
- 脂质渗出物
- 飞蚊症
- 黄斑增厚
- 视力丧失
- 静脉串珠
- 视网膜内微血管异常
- 视盘新生血管
- 视网膜新生血管
- 视网膜前或玻璃体出血
- 视网膜脱离
危险因素
- 年轻发病型糖尿病
- 糖尿病病程较长
- 血糖控制不佳
- 高血压
- 肾脏疾病
- 印地安人
- 妊娠
- 白内障手术
- 血脂水平升高
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 眼底照片
- 光学相干断层扫描
- 荧光素血管造影
- B 型超声检查
治疗流程
NPDR：非重度
NPDR：重度/PDR：非高危型
PDR：高危/虹膜新生血管形成
PDR：重度
难治性疾病
撰稿人
作者
Jonathan Dowler, MD, FRCS, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
The London Clinic
London
UK
利益声明
JD declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Jonathan Dowler would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Robin Hamilton, a previous contributor to this monograph. RH declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Zachary Bloomgarden, MD
Clinical Professor
Medicine/Endocrinology
Diabetes and Bone Disease
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York
NY
利益声明
ZB declares that he has no competing interests.
Tien Y. Wong, MD, MPH, PhD
Head of Department of Ophthalmology
University of Melbourne
Victoria
Australia
利益声明
TYW declares that he has no competing interests.
Stephen Schwartz, MD
Medical Director
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
Miami
FL
利益声明
Within the last 5 years, SS has received funding for organizing continuing medical education conferences from Alcon, Genentech, and Novartis; has owned shares in Pfizer; has received research funding from Genentech; and is co-holder of a patent pending on "Molecular targets for modulating intraocular pressure and differentiation of steroid responders versus nonresponders."
鉴别诊断
- 眼缺血综合征
- 放射性视网膜病变
- 视网膜静脉阻塞
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 成人 2 型糖尿病：管理
- 糖尿病医学诊疗标准——2022 年
更多 指南患者教育信息
2 型糖尿病：我需要使用胰岛素吗？
2 型糖尿病：如何有效治疗？
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