小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Helen R. Levey Bernie, DO, MPH
Urology Resident
Department of Urology
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester
NY
利益声明
HRL declares that she has no competing interests.
John Mulhall, MD
Professor of Urology
Director of the Sexual and Reproductive Medicine Fellowship
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York
NY
利益声明
JM declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Helen Levey and Dr John Mulhall would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Trinity Bivalacqua, Dr Onder Canguven, and Dr Arthur L. Burnett, previous contributors to this topic. TB is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. ALB has been reimbursed by Pfizer Inc. and Lilly LLC for attending symposia, speaking, organising education, and consulting, and has received research grants that support laboratory staff. OC declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Wayne Hellstrom, MD
Professor of Urology
Department of Urology
Tulane University Health Sciences Center
New Orleans
LA
利益声明
WH declares that he has no competing interests.
Siam Oottamasathien, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Pediatric Urology
University of Utah
Primary Children's Medical Center
Salt Lake City
UT
利益声明
SO declares that she has no competing interests.
Gabriel Rodriguez, MD
Associate Professor
Section Head of Minimally Invasive Surgery
The University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston
TX
利益声明
GR declares that he has no competing interests.
Edmund Sabanegh, Jr, MD
Director
Center for Male Fertility
Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
ES declares that he has no competing interests.
Ates Kadioglu, MD
Professor of Urology
Division of Andrology
Department of Urology
Faculty of Medicine
Istanbul University
Istanbul
Turkey
利益声明
AK declares that he has no competing interests.
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