小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 胸痛
- 呼吸困难
- 同侧胸廓过度膨胀
- 同侧胸廓过清音
- 同侧呼吸音减弱或消失
- 极度呼吸困难
- 气管移向对侧
危险因素
- 吸烟
- 气胸家族史
- 身材高瘦的体型
- 年龄＜40 岁
- 近期接受过创伤性手术
- 胸部外伤
- 急性重症哮喘
- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)
- 结核
- AIDS 相关的卡氏肺囊虫感染
- 囊性纤维化。
- 淋巴管肌瘤病
- 马方综合征
- 高胱氨酸尿
- 原发性肺癌和向肺部转移的癌症
- Birt-Hogg-Dube 综合征
- 肺部朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症
- Erdheim-Chester 病
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 胸部 X 线检查
需考虑的检查
- 胸部 CT
- 胸腔超声
- 支气管镜检查
治疗流程
张力性气胸
原发性自发性气胸和≤50 岁的患者
继发性自发性气胸或者>50 岁的患者
月经性气胸
创伤性气胸
阻塞性肺不张后气胸
撰稿人
作者
Lonny Yarmus, DO, MBA
Associate Professor of Medicine and Oncology
Clinical Director, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Director, Interventional Pulmonology Research Core
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore
MD
利益声明
LY has received research grants and consulting fees from Olympus, Inc, the manufacturer of the Spiration intrabronchial valve.
Jason Akulian, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Director, Interventional Pulmonology
Carolina Center for Pleural Disease
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill
NC
利益声明
JA declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Lonny Yarmus and Dr Jason Akulian would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ryland P. Byrd Jr, Dr Thomas M. Roy, and Dr Anita Alwani, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
RPB, TMR, and AA declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Marc Noppen, MD
Professor and Chief Executive Officer of Respiratory Division
Interventional Endoscopy Clinic
University Hospital Brussels
Brussels
Belgium
利益声明
MN declares that he has no competing interests.
Steve A. Sahn, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston
SC
利益声明
SAS declares that he has no competing interests.
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- 肺栓塞
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