小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Associate Professor of Medicine and Oncology
Clinical Director, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Director, Interventional Pulmonology Research Core
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore
MD
利益声明
LY has received research grants and consulting fees from Olympus, Inc, the manufacturer of the Spiration intrabronchial valve.
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Director, Interventional Pulmonology
Carolina Center for Pleural Disease
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill
NC
利益声明
JA declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Lonny Yarmus and Dr Jason Akulian would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ryland P. Byrd Jr, Dr Thomas M. Roy, and Dr Anita Alwani, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
RPB, TMR, and AA declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Professor and Chief Executive Officer of Respiratory Division
Interventional Endoscopy Clinic
University Hospital Brussels
Brussels
Belgium
利益声明
MN declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston
SC
利益声明
SAS declares that he has no competing interests.
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