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白内障

最后审阅: 12 Nov 2024
最后更新: 14 Nov 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 主观的视力下降
  • 视力模糊或视物遮挡
  • 眩光
  • 色觉丧失
  • 视力下降
  • 红光反射缺失
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 不适当的眼镜处方
  • 日常生活活动受到影响
完整详情

危险因素

  • 年龄 >65 岁
  • 女性
  • 吸烟
  • 长期紫外线暴露
  • 糖尿病
  • 其他代谢病或遗传病
  • 暴露于电离辐射
  • 眼外伤
  • 长期使用皮质类固醇
  • 先天性白内障或先天性影响(例如,毒素)家族史
  • 葡萄膜炎
  • 近视
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 散瞳后眼底检查
  • 眼内压测量
  • 眩光视力测试
  • 眼前节裂隙灯检查
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 最佳视力潜能评估
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

无并存眼病病理改变的白内障

并存眼部病理改变的白内障

持续性治疗

术后后囊混浊 + 严重视力损害

撰稿人

作者

Robert T. Chang, MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Byers Eye Institute

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford

CA

利益声明

RTC declares that he is a consultant for Alcon which makes cataract equipment.

鸣谢

Dr Robert T. Chang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Creig Hoyt, Dr Leela V. Raju, and Dr M. Bowes Hamill, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

CH, LVR, and MBH declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Michael P. Ehrenhaus, MD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Cornea External Disease and Refractive Surgery Local Director

Long Island College Hospital Eye Center

Brooklyn

NY

利益声明

MPE declares that he has no competing interests.

Parwez Hossain, PhD, FRC Ophth, FRCS(Ed)

Associate Professor/Consultant in Ophthalmology

University of Southampton

Southampton

UK

利益声明

PH declares that he has no competing interests.

Bob Avery, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Ophthalmology

University of New Mexico Medical School

Albuquerque

NM

利益声明

BA declares that he has no competing interests.

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