小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 主观的视力下降
- 视力模糊或视物遮挡
- 眩光
- 色觉丧失
- 视力下降
- 红光反射缺失
其他诊断因素
- 不适当的眼镜处方
- 日常生活活动受到影响
危险因素
- 年龄 ＞65 岁
- 女性
- 吸烟
- 长期紫外线暴露
- 糖尿病
- 其他代谢病或遗传病
- 暴露于电离辐射
- 眼外伤
- 长期使用皮质类固醇
- 先天性白内障或先天性影响（例如，毒素）家族史
- 葡萄膜炎
- 近视
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 散瞳后眼底检查
- 眼内压测量
- 眩光视力测试
- 眼前节裂隙灯检查
需考虑的检查
- 最佳视力潜能评估
治疗流程
无并存眼病病理改变的白内障
并存眼部病理改变的白内障
术后后囊混浊 + 严重视力损害
撰稿人
作者
Robert T. Chang, MD
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Byers Eye Institute
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford
CA
利益声明
RTC declares that he is a consultant for Alcon which makes cataract equipment.
鸣谢
Dr Robert T. Chang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Creig Hoyt, Dr Leela V. Raju, and Dr M. Bowes Hamill, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
CH, LVR, and MBH declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Michael P. Ehrenhaus, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Cornea External Disease and Refractive Surgery Local Director
Long Island College Hospital Eye Center
Brooklyn
NY
利益声明
MPE declares that he has no competing interests.
Parwez Hossain, PhD, FRC Ophth, FRCS(Ed)
Associate Professor/Consultant in Ophthalmology
University of Southampton
Southampton
UK
利益声明
PH declares that he has no competing interests.
Bob Avery, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Ophthalmology
University of New Mexico Medical School
Albuquerque
NM
利益声明
BA declares that he has no competing interests.
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