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Cataracts

Последний просмотренный: 21 Sep 2025
Last updated: 22 Nov 2024

Резюме

Определение

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • subjective decrease in vision
  • blurred or cloudy vision
  • glare
  • washed-out color vision
  • reduced visual acuity
  • blunted red reflex
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • inadequate glasses prescription
  • disruption of activities of daily living
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • age >60 years
  • female sex
  • smoking
  • long-term UV exposure
  • diabetes mellitus
  • eye trauma
  • long-term corticosteroid use
  • family history of congenital cataract or congenital influences (e.g., toxins)
  • uveitis
  • myopia
  • other metabolic or hereditary conditions
  • exposure to ionizing radiation
  • high body mass index (BMI)
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • dilated fundus exam
  • measurement of intraocular pressure
  • glare vision test
  • slit lamp exam of the anterior chamber
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • assessment of best visual potential
  • B-scan ultrasonography
Полная информация

Алгоритм лечения

Острый

cataract without concomitant eye pathology

cataract with concomitant eye pathology

ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ

postsurgical opacification of the posterior capsule + significant visual impairment

Составители

Авторы

Robert T. Chang, MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Byers Eye Institute

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford

CA

Divulgaciones

RTC declares that he is an ad hoc consulting advisory for Alcon, which makes cataract equipment.

Agradecimientos

Dr Robert T. Chang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Creig Hoyt, Dr Leela V. Raju, and Dr M. Bowes Hamill, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

CH, LVR, and MBH declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Michael P. Ehrenhaus, MD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Cornea External Disease and Refractive Surgery Local Director

Long Island College Hospital Eye Center

Brooklyn

NY

Divulgaciones

MPE declares that he has no competing interests.

Parwez Hossain, PhD, FRC Ophth, FRCS(Ed)

Associate Professor/Consultant in Ophthalmology

University of Southampton

Southampton

UK

Declarações

PH declares that he has no competing interests.

Bob Avery, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Ophthalmology

University of New Mexico Medical School

Albuquerque

NM

Declarações

BA declares that he has no competing interests.

Créditos aos pareceristas

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Referências

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Principais artigos

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: cataract in the adult eye. Nov 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Cataract/anterior segment summary benchmark - 2023. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Cataracts in adults: management. Oct 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Cataracts images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Refractive error
    • Dry eye
    • Glaucoma
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Cataract/anterior segment summary benchmark - 2023
    • Vision rehabilitation: preferred practice pattern
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Cataracts: should I have surgery?

    Cataracts: questions to ask your doctor

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
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