小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 病理性收缩期喷射样杂音，伴或不伴收缩期喀喇音
其他诊断因素
- 风湿热
- 呼吸困难
- 疲劳
- 胸痛
- 晕厥
- 努南 (Noonan) 综合征的畸形特征
- LEOPARD 综合征的畸形特征
- 威廉姆斯（Williams'）综合征的核型异常表现
- 阿拉吉耶 (Alagille) 综合征的畸形特征
- 生长迟缓
- 发绀
- 右心衰的体征
- 右心室搏动
- 收缩期震颤
危险因素
- 黑人
- Noonan综合征
- 豹皮综合征
- 阿拉吉耶 (Alagille) 综合征
- 威廉姆斯综合征
- 先天性风疹综合征
- 类癌综合征
- 感染性心内膜炎
- 心脏肿瘤
- 外源性压迫
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 心电图
- 胸部 X 线检查
- 超声心动图与多普勒评估
- 血红蛋白和血细胞比容
- 脉搏血氧测量测定法
- 动脉血气
需考虑的检查
- 诊断性心导管检查
治疗流程
轻度疾病
中度疾病
重度至极重度疾病
撰稿人
作者
Edgar Tay, MBBS, MRCP (UK), MMed (Int Med), FAMS, FACC, FESC
Senior Consultant
Assistant Professor
Programme Director, Congenital/Structural Heart Disease Programme
Department of Cardiology
Department of Medicine
National University Heart Centre Singapore
Singapore
利益声明
ET declares that he has no competing interests.
Kian Keong Poh, MBBChir (Camb), MMed, FRCP, FCCP, FAMS, FACC, FASE
Senior Consultant
Clinical Director of Research
Director of Postgraduate Education
Department of Cardiology
National University Heart Centre Singapore
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
National University of Singapore
Singapore
利益声明
KKP declares that he has no competing interests.
Ivandito Kuntjoro, MD, ABIM (Int.Med-USA)
Consultant
Department of Cardiology
National University Heart Centre Singapore
Singapore
利益声明
IK declares that he has no competing interests.
James Yip, MBBS, MRCP (UK), FAMS
Senior Consultant
Department of Cardiology
National University Heart Centre Singapore
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
Group Chief Medical Informatics Officer
National University of Singapore
Singapore
利益声明
JY declares that he has no competing interests.
Low Ting Ting, MBBS (Singapore) MRCP (UK)
Consultant
Department of Cardiology
Programme Co-Director
Women's Heart Health Programme
National University Heart Centre Singapore
Singapore
利益声明
LTT declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Ivandito Kuntjoro, Edgar Tay, James Yip, Kian Keong Pho, and Low Ting Ting would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Peter S. Fischbach, Dr Cyrus Samai, and Dr David M. Drossner, the previous authors of this monograph.
同行评议者
John Charpie, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Medical Director
Pediatric Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit
University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
JC declares that he has no competing interests.
James Gnanapragasam, MBBS, MSc, FRCP, FRCPCH
Consultant in Paediatric Cardiology
Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust
Southampton
UK
利益声明
JG declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 功能性杂音（良性杂音）
- 直背综合征
- 特发性肺动脉扩张
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 围产期心血管疾病的管理
- 成人先天性心脏病治疗的 AHA/ACC 2018 指南
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