小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 疲乏和劳累不耐受
- 呼吸困难
- 心悸
- 颈静脉异常
- 心律失常
- 胸骨旁收缩期杂音
- 吸气时收缩期杂音增多(Carrvallo征)。
- 外周水肿
其他诊断因素
- 腹胀
- 早饱、胃弱或消化不良
- 肝脏搏动
危险因素
- 左心衰竭
- 三尖瓣环扩张
- 风湿性心脏病
- 永久性起搏器
- 心内膜炎
- 类癌性心脏病
- 起搏器导线截留
- 缺血性心肌病
- 缩窄性心包炎
- 先天性心脏病
- 毒性物质
- 类风湿关节炎
- 放射治疗
- 创伤
- 马凡综合征
- 三尖瓣脱垂
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 经胸或经食管超声心动图
- 心电图 (ECG)
- 肝功能检查 (LFT)
- 血清尿素和肌酐
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
- 胸部 X 线检查 (CXR)
需考虑的检查
- 术中经食管超声心动图
- 术后经胸超声心动图
- 心导管检查
- 心脏磁共振成像(右心室大小及功能评估的首选检查)
治疗流程
原发性:轻度及中度
原发性:重度
继发性:轻度及中度
继发性:重度
撰稿人
作者
Shahab A. Akhter, MD
Professor of Cardiothoracic
Division of Cardiac Surgery
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville
NC
利益声明
SAA declares that he has no competing interests.
Paul Tang, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Cardiac Surgery
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
PT declares that he has no competing interests.
Jarred Mondonedo, MD, PhD
Cardiothoracic Surgery Fellow
Department of Cardiac Surgery
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
JM declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Shahab A. Akhter and Dr Paul Tang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kevin L. Greason, Dr Sorin V. Pislaru, and Prof. Thoraf M. Sundt III, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
KLG, SVP, and TMS declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Larry A. Weinrauch, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Watertown
MA
利益声明
LAW declares that he has no competing interests.
Prakash P. Punjabi, MB BS
Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
London
UK
利益声明
PPP declares that he has no competing interests.
指南
- 2022 年 AHA/ACC/HFSA 心力衰竭管理指南
- 2020 年 ACC/AHA 心脏瓣膜病患者管理指南
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