小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiology
University of California
San Francisco
CA
利益声明
VSM declares that he is a proctor for Edwards Lifesciences for transcatheter valves and also a proctor for Abbott for closure devices.
Fellow in Structural Cardiac Intervention
University of California
San Francisco
CA
利益声明
HA declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Vaikom S. Mahadevan and Dr Harsh Agrawal would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jonathan Bella, Dr Liran Blum, and Dr Michael Spinelli, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
JB, LB, and MS declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Professor of Medicine
Director of Echocardiography
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville
FL
利益声明
RC declares that he has no competing interests.
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