小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 外伤证据
- 头痛
- 恶心/呕吐
- 睁眼反应障碍
- 言语障碍
- 运动障碍
- 意识模糊
其他诊断因素
- 意识丧失或意识水平下降
- 癫痫发作
- 二便失禁
- 局限性力弱
- 感觉异常
- 认知障碍
- 言语或视觉障碍
- 耳漏
- 鼻溢（流涕）
危险因素
- 近期外伤
- 凝血障碍和抗凝剂的使用
- 高龄（>65岁）
诊断性检查
首要检查
- CT平扫
需考虑的检查
- MRI扫描
- 颅骨 X 光平片
治疗流程
急性血肿
采用脑室-腹腔分流术
慢性血肿
撰稿人
作者
Christopher P. Robinson, DO, MS
Associate Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery
Division of Neurocritical Care
Director
Shands Neuromedicine Intensive Care Unit
Program Director
NCC Fellowship
Neurology Clerkship Director
University of Florida College of Medicine
Florida
FL
利益声明
CPR has received compensation for serving as an expert witness.
鸣谢
Dr Christopher P. Robinson would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Andrew W. Grande, Dr Stephen J. Haines, Dr Praveen R. Baimeedi, Dr Jason S. Hauptma, and Dr Neil A. Martin, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
AWG, SJH, PRB, JSH, and NAM declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Nathan J. Ranalli, MD
Resident
Department of Neurosurgery
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia
PA
利益声明
NJR declares that he has no competing interests.
Marek Ma, MD
Instructor
Emergency Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine Administrative Offices
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
PA
利益声明
MM declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 硬膜外血肿
- 脑内血肿
- 弥漫性轴索损伤 (DAI)
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