小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 每日吸烟量
- 至吸第一支烟时间（TTFC） ≤30分钟或>30分钟
- 多种物质滥用
- 无烟雾烟草使用者
- 癫痫
- 妊娠或哺乳
其他诊断因素
- 抑郁史
- 精神分裂症病史
- 高血压
- 不稳定性心脏疾病
- 室性心律失常
- 哮喘
- 颞下颌关节或牙科疾病
危险因素
- 吸烟者
- 无烟雾烟草使用者
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 不需要试验
治疗流程
住院的主动吸烟者
准备戒烟的主动吸烟者：成人（无妊娠、哺乳、抑郁或多物质滥用
准备戒烟的主动吸烟者：成人（妊娠、哺乳、青少年
主动吸烟者准备戒烟：抑郁和戒烟
主动吸烟者准备戒烟：多物质滥用和戒烟
主动吸烟者没有准备戒烟
无烟雾性烟草使用者
撰稿人
作者
Franck F. Rahaghi, MD, MHS, FCCP
Chairman
Pulmonary Department
Director
Pulmonary Education and Rehabilitation
Cleveland Clinic
Weston
FL
利益声明
FFR has done research, consulting, and speaking for Boehringer Ingelheim, Shire, CSL Behring, and Grifol.
Felix Hernandez, MD
Fellow
Pulmonary medicine/Critical Care
Cleveland Clinic
Weston
FL
利益声明
FH declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Franck F. Rahaghi and Dr Felix Hernandez would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jose Gonzalez and Dr Theodore W. Marcy, previous contributors to this topic. JG and TWM declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
William Wadland, MD, MS
Professor and Chair
Department of Family Medicine
Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs and Development
College of Human Medicine
Michigan State University
East Lansing
MI
利益声明
WW declares that he has no competing interests.
Charles J. Bentz, MD, FACP
Medical Director
Tobacco Cessation and Prevention
Providence St. Vincent Hospital and Medical Center
Portland
OR
利益声明
CJB declares that he has no competing interests.
Fei-Ran Guo, MD
Department of Family Medicine
National Taiwan University Hospital
Taipei
Taiwan
利益声明
FRG received a grant from Pfizer, the manufacturer of varenicline, for one of the 3rd phase clinical trials of varenicline. FRG has also been reimbursed by Pfizer, Novartis (the manufacturer of nicotine patch), and GSK (the manufacturer of bupropion SR and nicotine lozenge), for attending conferences, and receiving fees for giving speeches on smoking cessation.
鉴别诊断
- 多种物质滥用
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 戒烟干预和服务
- NCCN 肿瘤学临床实践指南：戒烟
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