小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 低血氧饱和度
- 急性呼吸衰竭
其他诊断因素
- 危重患者
- 呼吸困难
- 呼吸频率增加
- 肺部捻发音
- 肺顺应性降低
- 发热、咳嗽、胸膜炎性胸痛
- 泡沫样痰
危险因素
- 脓毒症
- 误吸
- 肺炎
- 严重创伤
- 输血
- 肺移植
- 胰腺炎
- 酒精滥用史
- 烧伤和烟雾吸入
- 淹溺
- 电子烟和电子烟产品的使用
- 药物过量
- 吸烟
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 胸部 X 线检查
- 动脉血气
- 痰培养
- 血液培养
- 尿液培养
- 淀粉酶和脂肪酶
需考虑的检查
- 脑利钠肽 (BNP)
- 超声心动图
- 肺动脉导管术
- 支气管肺泡灌洗或气管内抽吸物
- 胸部CT扫描
- 病毒检测
- 开胸肺活组织检查
治疗流程
所有患者
撰稿人
作者
Lorraine Ware, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology
Director
Vanderbilt Medical Scholars Program
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Department of Medicine
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville
TN
利益声明
LW has received research contract support from CSL Behring, Boehringer Ingelheim and Genentech. She has received consulting fees and/or scientific advisory board fees from CSL Behring, Merck, Foresee, Citius, and Boehringer Ingelheim.
鸣谢
Dr Lorraine Ware would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Richard Fremont, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
RF declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Michael A. Matthay, MD
Director of Medicine Critical Care Fellowship
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
University of California San Francisco
CA
利益声明
MAM declares that he has no competing interests.
Timothy Evans, MBBS
Professor of Intensive Care Medicine
Royal Brompton Hospital
London
UK
利益声明
TE declares that he has no competing interests.
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