小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 老年
- 肝肿大
其他诊断因素
- 腹胀
- 食管或胃静脉曲张出血
- 右上象限腹痛
- 早饱感
- 体重减轻
- 下肢水肿
- 肝性脑病
- 恶病质
- 黄疸
- 脾肿大
- 扑翼样震颤
- 蜘蛛痣
- 肝掌
- 脐周侧支静脉
- 肝臭
- 腹泻
- 癌旁综合征
- 骨痛
- 严重的腹痛
- 梗阻性黄疸
- 直肠静脉扩张
- 血管杂音
危险因素
- 肝硬化
- 慢性乙型肝炎感染
- 慢性丙型肝炎肝硬化
- 慢性酗酒
- 糖尿病
- 肥胖
- 肝癌家族史
- 黄曲霉毒素
- 二氧化钍放射性造影剂
- 血色病
- 吸烟
- α-1 抗胰蛋白酶缺乏
- 迟发性皮肤卟啉症
- 原发性胆汁性胆管炎 (Primary biliary cholangitis, PBC)
- 原发性硬化性胆管炎 (primary sclerosing cholangitis, PSC)
- 雄激素类固醇
- 口服避孕药
- 男性
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 全血细胞计数
- 基础代谢检查
- 肝功能检查
- 凝血酶原时间/INR
- 病毒性肝炎指标
- 甲胎蛋白 (AFP)
- 肝脏超声
需考虑的检查
- 腹部增强 CT
- 腹部增强 MRI
- 肝脏活检
- 胸部计算机体层成像扫描
- 骨扫描
治疗流程
巴塞罗那临床肝癌(BCLC)分期 0-A(极早期 0 或早期 A):可能适合手术(肝功能良好)
BCLC 0-A 期(极早期 0,或早期 A):不适合肝切除治疗
BCLC B 级:中期
BCLC C 级:晚期
BCLC D 级:终末期
复发
撰稿人
作者
Qingyao Daniel Huang, MBBS, MMed (Internal Medicine), MRCP
Associate Consultant
Department of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
National University Health System
Singapore
利益声明
QDH declares that he has no competing interests.
Margaret Li Peng Teng, MBBS, MMed (Singapore), MRCP
Associate Consultant
Department of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
National University Hospital
Singapore
利益声明
MLPT declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Qingyao Daniel Huang and Dr Margaret Li Peng Teng would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Poh Seng Tan, Dr Badar Muneer, and Dr Smruti R. Mohanty, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
PST has received sponsorship/honorarium from Bayer (South East Asia) Pte Ltd and Sirtex for attending conferences, delivering lectures, and participating in advisory board meetings. BM declares that he has no competing interests. SRM serves as a speaker for Bristol-Myers Squibb regarding the use of entecavir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
同行评议者
Srikrishna Nagri, MD
Gastroenterologist
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Nashua
Nashua
NH
利益声明
SN declares that he has no competing interests.
Ned Snyder, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine
Chief of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston
TX
利益声明
NS declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 胆管癌
- 肝腺瘤
- 肝血管瘤
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- NCCN 肿瘤学临床实践指南:肝细胞癌
- NCCN 肿瘤学临床实践指南:免疫治疗相关毒性的管理
更多 指南医学计算器
肝脏疾病严重程度的 Child-Pugh 分级(SI 单位)
更多 医学计算器- 登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容
内容使用需遵循免责声明