小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 腹泻
- 频繁嗳气
其他诊断因素
- 腹胀及不适
- 不适感
- 体重减轻
- 恶心和呕吐
危险因素
- 污染的水/食物
- 室内或房子周围有家畜
- 低丙种球蛋白血症
- 低龄
- 男性
- 到过日托中心
- 男男性行为
- 近期抗生素的应用
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 直接荧光抗体(DFA)试验或酶联免疫吸附测定
- 粪便样本核酸扩增检测、聚合酶链反应
- 粪便显微镜检查
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
需考虑的检查
- 侧流免疫测定(例如,ImmunoCard STAT!®)
- 吞线试验(肠试验)
- 十二指肠引流和活检
治疗流程
非妊娠成人或儿童
妊娠早期
妊娠中期或晚期
治疗失败或耐药性
撰稿人
作者
Luther A. Bartelt, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Chapel Hill
NC
利益声明
LAB has received funding support from the National Institutes of Health to support giardiasis research and royalties from text authorships (Wolters Kluwer) for chapters about Giardia. LAB is the author of two articles cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Dr Luther Bartelt would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Fida Khan and Dr Musaddiq Waheed, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
FK and MW declared that they had no competing interests.
同行评议者
Zana Nikolla, MD
Faculty of Medicine
University of Tirana
Tirana
Albania
利益声明
ZN declares that she has no competing interests.
Rodney Adam, MD
Professor of Medicine and Immunobiology
University of Arizona
Tucson
AZ
利益声明
RA declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 轮状病毒胃肠炎
- 功能性腹泻
- 乳糜泻
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成人腹泻
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