小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 年龄 40-65 岁
- 女性
- 原发性胆汁性胆管炎家族史
其他诊断因素
- 自身免疫性疾病个人史
- 自身免疫病的家族史
- 高胆固醇血症病史
- 瘙痒
- 疲劳
- 干眼症和口腔干燥
- 腹部不适
- 睡眠障碍
- 肝肿大
- 黄色素瘤
- 体位性的眩晕或晕厥
- 记忆力和注意力的问题
- 黄疸
- 腹水
- 脾肿大
- 皮肤色素沉着
危险因素
- 女性
- 年龄 40-65 岁之间
- PBC 家族史
- 自身免疫病的家族史
- 吸烟
- 泌尿道感染
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 碱性磷酸酶(ALP)
- γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GTT)
- 胆红素
- 丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanine aminotransferase, ALT)
- 血清白蛋白
- 抗线粒体抗体(AMA)免疫荧光测定
- 抗核抗体(Antinuclear Antibody, ANA)免疫荧光
- 抗丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物-E2的酶联免疫吸附试验
- 抗M2亚型的酶联免疫吸附试验
- 抗糖蛋白-210的酶联免疫吸附试验
- 抗-SP100的酶联免疫吸附试验
- 腹部超声扫描
- 磁共振胰胆管造影术 (MRCP)
需考虑的检查
- 血清免疫球蛋白
- 肝脏活检
- 瞬时弹性成像
治疗流程
疾病早期
终末期肝脏疾病或顽固性皮肤瘙痒症
撰稿人
作者
David Bernstein, MD
Professor of Medicine and Educational Science
Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
Hempstead
Chief of the Division of Hepatology
Director of the Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases
Northwell Health
Manhasset
NY
利益声明
DB is a consultant for OcelotBio, Abbvie, and Gilead. DB is on the speakers bureau for Intercept.
鸣谢
Dr David Bernstein would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr David E. J. Jones, the previous contributor to this topic. DEJJ has received speaker honoraria from Falk, Intercept, and Abbott, grant funding from Intercept and Pfizer, and has undertaken consultancy work for Falk, GSK, Intercept, and Novartis. DEJJ is an author of a number of articles referenced in this topic.
同行评议者
James Neuberger, BM, BCh
Consultant Physician
Liver Unit
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Birmingham
UK
利益声明
JN declares that he has no competing interests.
Ian R. Mackay, AM, MD, FAA, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Monash University
Clayton
Victoria
Australia
利益声明
IRM declares that he has no competing interests.
Alia S. Dadabhai, MD
Assistant Professor
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore
ML
利益声明
AD declares that she has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 梗阻性胆管病变
- 小胆管原发性硬化性胆管炎
- 药物引发的胆汁淤积
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- EASL 关于采用无创检查评估肝病严重程度和预后的临床实践指南——2021 年更新版
- 原发性胆汁性胆管炎:2021 年实践指南更新
更多 指南- 登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容
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