最后审阅： 18 九月 2021
最后更新： 11 九月 2020
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Blase Carabello, MD
Jack Rose Distinguished Professor of Medicine
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville
NC
利益声明
BC declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
John R. Charpie, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Medical Director
Pediatric Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit
University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center
C.S. Mott Children's Hospital
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
JRC declares that he has no competing interests.
David Leaf, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
UCLA School of Medicine
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
DL declares that he has no competing interests.
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